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Saturday, February 29, 2020

Facts February 29, 2020

Things you probably didn’t know about leap day - ScienceNerds

February 29, also known as the leap day. A leap day is added to several solar calendars, including the calendar Gregorian standard in most of the world.

February 29 only happens every four years unless that year is divisible by 100 but not by 400. This is to keep our calendar synchronized with the Earth's rotation around the sun. Without leap day, we would be out of sync about six hours a year.

Leap Year

Years that contain a leap day are called leap years. Years that do not contain a leap day are called common years. According to the Gregorian calendar, the year numericals that are divisible by 100, but not by 400, do not contain a leap day. Thus 1900, 1800 and 1700 did not contain a leap day; neither will 2300, 2200 and 2100. Because they are divisible by 100.

On the contrary, 1600 and 2000 had leap days, and 2400 will have leap days, even if they are divisible by 100 because they are also divisible by 400. Although most modern calendar years have 365 days, a complete revolution around the Sun (a solar year) takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours.

Therefore, an additional 24 hours are accumulated every four years, which requires that an additional calendar day be added to align the calendar with the apparent position of the Sun. Without the additional day, in future years the seasons would occur later in the calendar, which would eventually generate confusion on when to carry out activities that depend on the weather, ecology or daylight hours.

A leap day is observed to handle this. A leap day compensates for this delay, realigning the calendar with the position of the Earth in the Solar System; otherwise, the stations would occur later than expected in the calendar year. Adding a calendar day every four years results in an excess of about 44 minutes every four years, or about 3 days every 400 years. To compensate for this, three days are eliminated every 400 years. That is why the years that are divisible by 100 but not by 400, do not contain a leap day. Anyone born on leap day will not have the opportunity to celebrate their birthday every year. Were you born leap day? Share your birthday celebration experiences through comments.

~sciencefreak

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Tuesday, February 25, 2020

topics February 25, 2020

What Happens After We Die? - ScienceNerds

What Happens After We Die? - For many it's not a topic we often want to talk about and looking deeper into the nuts and bolts of passing on is a difficult task yet it is a fact of life an inescapable inevitability and it has been a go-to subject for artists writers and musicians from all around the world for centuries.

What Happens After We Die - ScienceNerds

Death is arguable, the greatest most mysterious and most unsettling of great unknowns but is there anything about the physical mental and spiritual aspects of dying that can make understanding, it just a little bit easier this is unveiled and today we're answering the extraordinary question - what happens after we die, are you a fiend for facts are you constantly curious?

what literally happens to our bodies after we passed on well most of the key processes began almost immediately after our heart stopped beating and our brains cease to function pallor Mortis refers to how our bodies start to become pale within 15 minutes or so after death Algor mortis is are duction in temperature which typically starts to set in within the hour livor mortis is when the blood left in our bodies moves down to the lowest possible point thanks to gravity leaving discolouration wherever it settles it's usually noticeable within a couple of hours and then there's rigour Mortis which is the stiffening of limbs and perhaps the most well known of all the Mortis terms and so-called signs of death it usually happens within the first 4 to 24 hours and by now the once-living breathing body is definitely a corpse right about now when the body's muscles are tense various enzymes set to work decomposing human tissue and eventually the muscles that were stiff through rigour Mortis relax and here's when the physical site of death takes a fairly from its turn as all muscles are released including those throughout the digestive system, so often are the remaining contents of bowels the body white process is known as putrefaction also ramps up breaking down the physical form on every level organs are liquefied as bacteria and funguses deteriorate the shell down to the skeleton our teeth nails and hair are usually the last things to go but most of all of it happens within about a month for forensic.

scientists and medical the examiner's it's a vital period of time because if there are any questions on how when or why a person died then exactly what happens to their body post death can provide some answers naturally today's question doesn't only concern physical observable processes there's also the brain to consider and from a more spiritual perspective or consciousness when thinking about specific times of death many consider the moment of brain death to be the key this is when all signs of the brain working disappear & when all electrical activity in the brain ends given our ever-expanding understanding of how the brain works there is some debate on the criteria for brain death but in terms of what happens after we die the brain ultimately succumbs to the same decomposition as the rest of the body ideas on when we die branch out further still though in part thanks to testimonials from people who have reportedly been brought back from the brink of death undergoing what's commonly known as a near-death experience thanks to dramatization in the media there are certain stereotypes for what an NDE might look like a heavenly light the pearly gates our loved ones all waiting for us on the other side and to some extent these images have been backed up by real-world accounts particularly the white the light aspect of them it's also relatively common for people to recall an out-of-body experience seeing themselves on the hospital operating table for example as well as a strong feeling of peace as though all of their fears and anxieties had been lifted from them scientifically speaking near-death experiences are the tricky concept there's no evidence that they're the result of an actual visit to the afterlife but there are theories that they're brought on by sudden changes in the brain particularly in the temporal lobe and hippocampus or that they're hallucinations triggered by a loss of oxygen there also psychological theories on NDEs including that they happen because we're culturally conditioned to expect them to and that the archetypal tunnel and light vision is in some way linked to the trauma of being born even the most convincing explanations struggle to explain instances when patients can recall seeing hearing or experiencing things that they couldn't possibly have known about though here's where our ideas on consciousness come into play a 20-17 study from the University of Southampton in the UK challenged the previously held the belief that general awareness in the brain ceased approximately 30 seconds after the body stops receiving blood pumped by the heart instead it suggested that there exists a window of up to 3 minutes during the cardiac stage of death when we can still be somewhat aware of our surroundings and perhaps all and E's occur during this time before a patient is brought out of cardiac arrest and back to life more than that though while we mostly know for sure what happens to our bodies after death there is and has been for centuries ongoing debate about whether this really is the end because how about if our consciousness continued to exist after death building on ideas first put forward by Rene Descartesneuro psychiatrist Peter Fenwick offers up the theory that our brains aren't the originators of consciousness but rather a filter through which the universe is perceived similar to how we can only hear certain frequencies and see certain wavelengths for fen wick, there are spiritual connotations here where life after death does in some way exist thanks to a deeper connection between our detached consciousnesses and the universe at large despite even let's research and other similar studies there's no one accepted rule on whether what some call the human spirit and others the soul can survive biological death but the idea that it might is a great source of comfort for many physically speaking we can chart the expected course for our brains and bodies once we passed away metaphysically speaking we are not so sure for some that there's nothing afterlife for others an essence of ourselves does remain it's a point at which scientific theory meets spiritually where that one right answer is always up for debate what do you think is there anything we missed let us know in the comments...

~sciencefreak

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Sunday, February 23, 2020

Facts February 23, 2020

How did Sunday Became a Holiday? - ScienceNerds

Hey Folks, welcome back to ScienceNerds. Today we will find out - who was the person behind making Sunday a holiday in India.

Why Sunday is Holiday?

Narayan Meghaji Lokhande, The Father of the Trade Union Movement in India.

Narayan Meghaji Lokhande

Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was born in a very poor family from Phulamli Caste in 1848 in Thane, Maharashtra, India. In the 17th(seventeenth) and 18th(seventeenth) centuries, India was popular for its fine Textiles in western countries or nations. By Buying Cloth in India and Selling it in Europe, the East India Company made lots of Profit. The 1st Textile factory(mill) was established in Bombay, Maharashtra in 1854. Lokhande worked for some time as a storekeeper in a Bombay Textile mill He gathered the issues and problems of the working conditions in the factories and The issues faced by the labourers or workers.

Textile - Mill, Bombay

He Edited the first labour weekly "Deenbandhu"(friend of the oppressed). From 1880 as far as possible of his life in 1897 he took control over the administration of Deenbandhu, which was published from Bombay. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was a prominent partner of Mahatma Jyotirao Phule. Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (11 April 1827 – 28 November 1890) was an Indian activist, good thinker, social reformer and author from Maharashtra. Along with Lokhande, Jyotirao also gathered the meetings of the textile workers in Bombay. It is significant that before Jotirao and his partner Bhalekar and Lokhande tried to organize the peasants and the workers, no such attempt will be made by any association to review their complaints or problems. Mahatma Phule begins the first Indian Workers organization– 'Bombay factory Hands Association', with the help of Shri. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande.

Following are some of the rights factory(mill) workers got because of N M Lokhande:

A weekly holiday on Sunday for factory workers.
workers should be qualified to half-hour recess, In the afternoon.
The mill should begin working from 6:30 in the morning and close by sunset.
By the 15th of every month, the salaries of the workers should be paid.

Narayan Meghaji Lokhande is remembered not only for improving the working states of textile factory-hands in the 19th century but also for his courageous initiatives on caste and communal issues. The Government of India gave a post stamp with his photograph in 2005.

~sciencefreak

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Monday, February 10, 2020

Facts February 10, 2020

What is the Memory Capacity of the Human Brain ? - ScienceNerds

The human brain in itself is a universe. Scientists are carrying inventions, new information when it comes to different functions of our fabulous mind. However, the trending topic in discussion within experts is the human brain's potential memory capacity. How much information can one's mind hold? Let's dive right into it.

Our brain may be a fantastic organ with the capacity to carry a huge amount of knowledge. It processes a variety of data, like reading the newest news on your mobile, brushing your teeth, doing complicated tasks, like solving a mathematical equation, drawing a gorgeous portrait, or juggling or parkour. All activities require our brain ability to carry data and retrieve it whenever we would like.

Let's quickly re-evaluate some memory units. One terabyte is adequate to about, gigabytes or about million megabytes. A petabyte is about, terabytes.

All right! Let's mention our brain, which has about billion nerve cells. Each neuron is connected to up to, other neurons, passing signals to every other through, trillion synaptic connections. A synapse allows a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to a different neuron. In technical terms, these connections are estimated to be like that of trillion bit per second processor. Estimation of the human brain's memory capacity is varying from a few terabytes or about one petabyte.

In perspective, the memory capacity of a mean adult is that the equivalent of, roughly, 2.5 million GB memory. as an example, the IRS features a huge data warehouse, keeping track of 1 plus million Americans and has the capacity of terabytes of memory. Yet Yahoo's computational centre of computing power in petabyte which may process a billion events each day is much smaller than the capacity of a private human brain.

One petabyte is that the same as four-drawer filing cabinets crammed with text,. years of HDTV recordings,. billion books, and million sites. Nineteen million volumes within the U.S. Library of Congress holds a complete of about ten terabytes of knowledge. It's incredibly mind-blowing once you believe it. Our brain's ability to carry such a lot of information and process it at the incredible energy efficiency of only watts of continuous power is just like the power consumption of a dim light bulb. is that this the memory capacity of our brain? Not quite! Recently, scientists have used new techniques to review the computing power of the brain and located that it's much more than that they had previously thought. Professor Terrence Sejnowski, director of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at Salk Institute for Biological Studies and co-senior author of the paper published in eLife, said, "Our new measurements of the brain's memory capacity increase estimates by up to a minimum of a petabyte, within the same ballpark because of the World Wide Web."The electrochemical signals that flow through the brain use synapses. They reconstructed the brain synapsis activities, in order that they could study how the parts of the brain communicate with one another and find out the dimensions of the synapses.

When they plugged within the new size of the synapses to an algorithm, the researchers found that there are much more categories of synapses than previously believed. So there's far more information is often stored. Tom Bartol said, "Data collected shows that there are ten times more discrete sizes of synapses than thought earlier.

In technical terms, sizes of synapses equate to about thousands of bits of data. Before, it had been assumed to be capable of only one or two bits for short- and LTM storage within the hippocampus, which is that the part of the brain that consolidates memory from short-term to long-term."Do you are feeling your mind is capable of holding a huge amount of information? allow us to know within the comment section.

~sciencefreak

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Sunday, February 9, 2020

Facts February 09, 2020

How Earth was Formed? - ScienceNerds

Here's a theory of how our host planet came into existence, so scientists would say this interstellar journey will show you the role of gravity at play, million years ago only a newborn star (our Sun) was there which was surrounded by dust.

It began over time this dust began to slam into one another due to gravity pulling it in as I smashed into each other the planet that we survive was made by space dust and rocks that formed earth over a couple of years into in or by the Box they assert 4 and 1/2 billion years ago Earth was a fireball that's right with surface temperatures over, degrees and Fahrenheit at now there was no air just CO2 nitrogen and water vapour making it hot and toxic when the planet be and are boiling all of the liquid work was slit by a young planet.

This planet's name was the with signs of Mars as you see it the blasts away from this collision sent trillions of any debris which overtime was pulled back in to circle the planet by gravity this giant ring around the earth was made up of red dust and rock eventually formed our moon we see today.

We have today there are three basic atmospheric hypotheses still won't to today the primary hemisphere was made from hydrogen and helium gas these molecules move so fast escape first gravity into space that lasts the second was made from many volcanoes releasing water is steam and CO2 hydrogen sulfate ammonia and methane science agreed the third and current atmospheres made above this you'll see plants absorb CO2 and provides up oxygen to you and me all animals absorb oxygen and provides up coal so potatoes and burning stuff reduces the slight fossil fuels we burn too many fossil fuels and have too many factories, farms all this CO2 we produce is doing harm it's up to us to vary the way we consume crate energy if you start to bring changes now our plan which can change you'll see, please do your part to save lots of our world to reinforce your future now we're capable of changes.

I know it's a speedup, to see water formation occurred about 3.9 billion years ago when the earth was hit by a meteor storm scientists think there were small crystals each crystal held minor beads of water inside their shells over the million years that these meteors fell pools of water began to frame on the cooling outside I do tell no water on our earth is billions of years old now you see and man-made a trip a huge number of miles to be devoured by you and me how about we beat up hundreds of millions of years to discover the earth covered in water with ninety islands beating out while the centre stayed a lot more blazing this hot centre pushes liquid stone up and out the Earth's new outside layer when the lava cools, it forms a land we know as it builds and thrusts over time these landmasses begin to impact and in the long-run structure our continents.

~sciencefreak

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Sunday, February 2, 2020

Facts February 02, 2020

What Happens To Our Body When We’re Scared? - ScienceNerds

Whether it might be heights, spiders or a monster from our childhood we all get scared from time to time. when we're frightened our body responds during variety of the way fear is fundamentally a survival mechanism how you answer something scary today is that an equivalent as how our ancestors reacted to danger, years and years ago a fight-or-flight response takes over this is often a neighbourhood of our sympathetic nervous system which repairs our body to either face the danger or run far away from it as fast as possible our entire body is turned towards one goal staying alive.

The adrenal glands react to fear by going into overdrive flooding the body with adrenaline this will cause tingles everywhere the body and a shiver down your spine pupils will dilate becoming larger this enables more light to succeed in your eyes in order that you're ready to absorb more of your surroundings and see the threat more clearly.

The sudden release of neuro-chemicals and hormones causes a rapid increase within the pulse and breathing the increased pulse is meant to furiously pump blood all around your body moving it far away from your intestines and digestive activity and towards your large muscles in order that you'll take action if needed during this process blood flow also moves faraway from the sides of your body which is why some people have cold clammy hands once they are afraid.

when you're scared to even your brain activity will start changing blood flow decreases from your brains front lobe which is liable for illogical thinking and planning when crammed with adrenaline the amygdala and therefore the temporal lobe of your brain will start to override your ability to think rationally to whatever is frightening you instead you'll react on instinct within the fraction of second.

but not all of our body's responses are triggered by fight or flight you regularly hear the phrase frozen and terror where someone finds something so scary they're unable to manoeuvre this is often a standard response by an animal which is preyed upon the thought is that if you freeze a predator is a smaller amount likely to ascertain you and thus less likely to eat you fear also makes goosebumps appear on our skin which successively makes the hair on our arms rise up this doesn't make much sense today but back within the past this is often ready to are a useful gizmo for our early human ancestors they were covered during tons more hair then having it fluff up would make them look bigger and more imposing all this sounds pretty unpleasant so why do numerous folks seekout scary situations be it watching horror movies or riding roller coasters for thrill-seekers it's how our body reacts after the fear has passed that gives a natural high once our fighter flight has ended the parasympathetic systema nervosum takes over releasing neurotransmitters and hormones to require our body back to a rest and digest system one among the chemicals releases dopamine a neurological reward that's also related to pleasure the interior cognitive relief as our body returns normal can feel euphoric.

How to Overcome From Fear :

Fear could also be a natural quite evolved response within the human brain to a real threat so we're going to plan to break it down so you will get a much better idea of maybe the thanks to helping yourself fear would be as an example you're walking across the road okay you're hanging out with a devotee and you walk across the road or you're walking down a garden path and each one among a sudden you see an extended slithering object and you automatically consider snake, I better leap out of the way that's fear okay, now once you look further and you realize you meet with thereto that it's a rope okay, you see that it's a rope and you simply walk aside, your brain, your limbic system and your parasympathetic nervous system kick in and it reduces that fear think what most of the people mean by reducing or overcoming fears the thanks to overcoming anxiety now.

Anxiety could also be a special ball in-game, anxiety might use the same example walking down the road or down the sidewalk you see a coiled up object and you think that that it's a snake otherwise you thought it had been a snake initially now you're on one's guard for everything that similarly looks like a snake and it maybe you recognize contacts the side of the road you recognize you're walking this way and you see it you jump this way but really what you're doing is your mind, now it's tricking your brain into thinking that, this is often a snake when it's really not so, once you get all the knowledge and you get the data and thus the proof you realize that's just a rope and it is not a snake so anxiety is more our mind doing a what I call a - "what if we're projecting ourselves within the future? , what if that's a snake or what if that's going to harm me, okay, therefore, there are some evolutionary components thereto but we might wish to form sure that that the anxiety response or the fear response doesn't interfere with you recognize major life areas work relationships things like that, therefore, the thanks to overcoming that's to become aware of the variety of your what-if thinking and a couple of of your authorizing which is actually predicting that a catastrophe would happen if that was a snake or that you simply simply simply might get bitten so the thanks to overcoming fear or anxiety is usually a simple manner of quite tuning in checking in with yourself going upstairs so to speak and thinking about what you're thinking about and with anxiety it is often some kind of future projection with plenty of authorizing or catastrophizing attached to so if you become aware of that and challenge that you can help yourself overcome plenty of hysteria or fear.

~sciencefreak

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Saturday, January 18, 2020

Facts January 18, 2020

Déjà Vu - ScienceNerds

The feeling living in nature during a circumstance that you simply are right now in however never been before...

for example, you're just sitting with a group of friends and discussing a topic and without warning, you'll get a feeling that u experienced that very particular moment before and you can't exactly pinpoint when and where.

Some people claiming that they do even know the future of that situation for an instance for example what would be the next sentence from your friend, the instance before he speaks it out.

this feeling is widely experienced by people around the globe and is familiar with the name Déjà Vu.

déjà vu means "already seen".

This phenomenon is seen quite commonly in adults and in their age, but this is not seen at all until the age of 8 to 9 years and completely fades out after 40.

science has many explanations for why it occurs in the first place.

It can be explained as the cause of pattern matching activity by the subconscious mind.

when you are lying on the bed chatting with your friend on phone and suddenly your mobile device falls down, but the second before it happens you will be getting a feeling of your mobile slipping off your hand, that's where we feel Deja Vu. But it's simply the aftereffect of your psyche attempting to discover designs in your exercises, right around a day you visit together with your companion lying on bed its a really common thing hence you don't focus on it consciously but your mind keeps track of such every activity which make a repeated-pattern every day, your actions of chatting on mobile, lying on bed and mobile slipping off your hand makes a sequence which your mind is in search of, so next time when you lay on the bed while chatting on mobile your mind alerts you that the next action could be your mobile slipping off your hand, and if it is processed by your conscious mind and your grasp is fixed the following occasion may not happen.

But why the brain carries pattern matching activities?.

well, the Evolution theory has the best answer, at the time homo sapience were in the jungles and had a fear of life for survival from wild animals and other tribes the brain evolved itself some functionalities to make its body survive in dangerous situations by predicting the upcoming danger.to predict upcoming dangers and to plan a defence strategy accordingly it uses to match the sequence of events occurring and hence with the time this activity became subconscious as it became a survival necessity.

presque vu: Tip of Tongue

Tip of the tongue is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word or term from memory, you feel like the word is on tip of the tongue but you can only retrieve it partially. people having that feeling usually say the word is at the tip of my tongue hence the name.

People experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue often recall some features of the target word, just like the first letter of the word and similar phonetic words or meaning. People report a feeling of being seized by the state, feeling something like mellow anguish while looking at the word, and a method for help when the word is found.

This situation of memory occurs thanks to our unique brain functionality.

Whenever single attempts to retrieve the word the brain blocks the just like-sounding words providing us with the desired word, in this task the target word gets blocked by the brain sometimes which leads to TOT.

Tip Of Tongue features a shared or social aspect, i.e during a group if one person is feeling this state and unable to retrieve the target word the others in the group are probably going to feel presque vu, and on changing the conversation subject all of suddenly one person retrieve that attention on the word

jamais vu: French word confusion(jamais vu) meaning Never seen, is that the situation a private is during which is extremely familiar but at the purpose of your time it seems very unfamiliar or explicitly new or meaningless.

It is often compared with short term amnesia, but science gives an explanation saying that it is often induced experimentally within the laboratory. When an individual is asked to write or say aloud a word several times he/she starts losing the meaning for that word, it is explained as on receiving the repeated information several times in the short amount of time our neurons no more fire the connections making the word meaningless to our brain.

~sciencefreak

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Saturday, January 11, 2020

Facts January 11, 2020

HUMAN EYE RESOLUTION - ScienceNerds

What's the resolution of your mobile?

Well we all know our mobile screen resolution, after all, screen resolution and camera quality are the main features we see while purchasing new mobile, right?!

Why can we buy new mobile while the opposite one working satisfactorily and work is being done?!

the straightforward answer is often, the captivating innovation, we as an entire like to have redesigned innovation however the inquiry here is does it truly have any quite effect?

If you're purchasing a replacement mobile for an upgraded RAM or Memory, surely it makes a difference but what fascinates us more is display resolution 720p to 1080p and 4k.

up to what point does it truly has the effect to your eyes, I mean what is the most extreme limit up to which your eyes can see the distinctions in goals?

We have the biological camera called eyes, the resolution of human eyes is estimated to be 576 megapixels, meaning whenever you're clicking an image from your phone's 12 Mpx camera that picture is being seen by another 576 Mpx camera!

But the very fact to be noticed here is your eyes can cover 180° at a time from a static head position(Eyes can move in possible directions), but the focused part is merely 120° and therefore the left and right eyes cover 30° each on respective sides. the sector of view is illustrated within the below figure.

The visual field of the human eye

1 megapixel = 1 million pixels

what factor estimates the human eye resolution?

576 million pixels placed during an outsized enough display that completely covers the human eye field at a distance where eyes can't differentiate between individual pixels.

Even though eyes can cover 180° of view field while reading the view is concentrated on a specific point and therefore the surrounding area being visible will remain unfocused, we call this the daylight vision.

Foveal vision

Thus in the event, we create a computerized picture from our eye vision, its quality is finding a workable pace simply like the picture clicked from 5Mpx camera.

DEADLINE

The extreme contrast within the goals which our eyes can see depends on the components:

Size of the screen
Resolution
Typical viewing distance

The more number of pixels implies the upper goals, which provides the office to catch and show progressively visual data.

PPI - Pixel per Inch is a crucial factor,

you can calculate the PPI of your mobile screen, visit the subsequent link -

https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/technology/ppi-calculator.php

Input your screen with and height in pixels and determination in inches or cm.

~sciencefreak

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